The Legal System, AI Policy, and Educational Development in Morocco

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive overview of Morocco's legal system and expanding governance structure, focusing on emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) legislation and their consequences for educational development. Morocco, a constitutional monarchy influenced by French civil law, Islamic and Jewish traditions, has undergone considerable legal reforms, most notably since the 2011 constitution, which aimed to increase judicial independence and human rights protections. Nonetheless, the monarchy remains a significant political actor, influencing the legal and institutional structure. In recent years, Morocco has acknowledged the importance of adapting its legal framework to the challenges brought by AI and digital transformation. Parliamentary proposals in 2024 and 2025 highlight efforts to establish ethical AI governance entities such as the National Agency for AI Governance, aiming to ensure transparency, data protection, cybersecurity, and accountability. These initiatives align with international norms, including UNESCO's Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence and the African Union’s Malabo Convention, reflecting Morocco’s commitment to responsible AI implementation within its broader Digital Morocco 2030 strategy. Education is critical to this national strategy, with programs such as DigiSchool improving digital literacy and AI abilities across several
areas, encouraging equal access, and preparing young for an AI-driven economy. This study uses a systematic literature review methodology to synthesize Morocco's legal reforms, AI policy development, and educational advancement, highlighting shortcomings in institutional ability and legislative
preparation. The findings highlight Morocco's multifaceted approach to merging technical innovation with legal and ethical governance, with the goal of creating a resilient, inclusive digital future that values human rights and promotes long-term development