Humor Expression Techniques Through Violations of the Cooperative Principle in Raditya Dika’s Cerita Sebelku Stand-Up Comedy and Their Implications for Indonesian Language Learning in Senior High School

Abstract

This study aims to describe humor expression techniques through violations of the cooperative principle in Raditya Dika’s stand-up comedy Cerita Sebelku and to explain their implications for Indonesian language learning. The study employed a qualitative approach using a descriptive method and content analysis design. The data consisted of utterances containing violations of the cooperative principle and humor expression techniques found in three Cerita Sebelku videos uploaded on Raditya Dika’s YouTube channel. Data were collected through observation, recording, and note-taking techniques and were analyzed using the pragmatic equivalent method with the Determining Element Sorting Technique (Pilah Unsur Penentu). The findings revealed 30 violations of the cooperative principle, consisting of violations of the maxim of quality with 15 data (50.0%), relevance with 9 data (30.0%), quantity with 5 data (16.7%), and manner with 1 datum (3.3%). The dominance of quality maxim violations indicates that humor is primarily constructed through utterances that deviate from factual truth, such as hyperbole and exaggerated statements. Furthermore, 14 humor expression techniques were identified based on Berger’s classification, with exaggeration being the most dominant technique. The findings demonstrate that violations of the cooperative principle not only generate implicatures but also function as pragmatic strategies for constructing humor. Theoretically, this study contributes to the development of pragmatic studies, particularly regarding the relationship between maxim violations, implicature, and humor construction. Practically, the findings may serve as an alternative instructional resource for Indonesian language learning, especially in teaching anecdotal texts and stand-up comedy performances.